How does the skin’s pH affect its health?

The skin's pH plays a crucial role in maintaining overall skin health, particularly through its influence on hydration levels and bacterial growth. The skin typically has a slightly acidic pH, around 4.5 to 5.5, which is part of what is referred to as the "acid mantle."

Hydration levels are affected because the skin's acidity helps in preventing transepidermal water loss. A pH that is too high (alkaline) can disrupt the skin barrier, leading to dryness and increased water loss, while a low pH (more acidic) can help maintain moisture and keep the skin hydrated.

Additionally, the skin's pH is an important factor in controlling the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. The acidic environment discourages the proliferation of harmful bacteria while supporting beneficial flora that help protect the skin. If the pH becomes too alkaline, it can create an environment conducive to pathogenic bacteria, potentially leading to skin infections or conditions like dermatitis.

Therefore, both the influence on hydration and the regulation of bacterial growth highlight the significance of the skin's pH in maintaining its health, justifying why the correct answer encompasses both aspects.