What theory explains the biological effects of laser energy on cells?

The photobiomodulation theory is essential for understanding the biological effects of laser energy on cells. This theory posits that when laser light is absorbed by cells, it stimulates biological processes at the cellular level, primarily through the absorption of photons by chromophores—molecules that undergo a change in their electronic structure upon light absorption. This leads to a cascade of effects, including increased cellular metabolism, enhanced ATP production, and improved cellular repair mechanisms.

In the context of therapeutic applications, such as wound healing or pain relief, photobiomodulation can aid in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. This theory integrates principles from both biology and physics, emphasizing how specific wavelengths and energy levels can produce beneficial cellular responses.

While other options may touch on related concepts, such as thermal effects from laser energy or electromagnetic aspects of laser operation, they do not specifically encapsulate the direct biological implications of how laser energy influences cellular activity like photobiomodulation does. Thus, the photobiomodulation theory is the most accurate framework for explaining the biological effects of laser energy on cells.