Which of the following is a risk factor for developing acne in adolescents?

Hormonal changes are a significant risk factor for developing acne in adolescents due to the surge of hormones during puberty, particularly androgens. These hormones increase the size and activity of sebaceous (oil) glands in the skin, leading to increased oil production. When excess oil combines with dead skin cells and bacteria, it can result in clogged pores, which is a primary factor in the development of acne. This hormonal influence is particularly pronounced during teenage years, making adolescents more susceptible to acne breakouts.

In contrast, while diet, sun exposure, and frequent washing of the skin may be factors that can influence acne, they do not have the same direct and powerful impact as hormonal changes during adolescence. For instance, diet may play a role in some individuals but is not universally recognized as a primary cause of acne. Sun exposure may help reduce some acne temporarily through drying effects but can lead to other skin issues over time. Frequent washing of the skin tends to be beneficial for maintaining skin hygiene, though excessive washing can irritate the skin and potentially worsen acne for some individuals.